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Index: S

s (matching whitespace characters) in Perl regular expressions: 41.7. Perl Boot Camp, Part 4: Pattern Matching
safe delete program: 14.9. Safe Delete: Pros and Cons
safer rm command, techniques for: 14.4. Tricks for Making rm Safer
Samba
connecting to SMB shares from Unix: 47.6. Connecting to SMB Shares from Unix
installing and configuring: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba
configuration script for daemons (smb.conf): 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba
NETBIOS names (SMB peer names): 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba
running SMB daemons: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba
mounting SMB-shared filesystems: 44.9. Mounting Network Filesystems — NFS, SMBFS
printing over: 45.9. Printing Over Samba
from Windows to Unix printers: 45.9.1. Printing to Unix Printers from Windows
to Windows printer from Unix: 45.9.2. Printing to Windows Printers from Unix
project web site: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba
security: 47.3. Securing Samba
security settings in smb.conf: 47.3. Securing Samba
swat tool: 47.4. SWAT and GUI SMB Browsers
sash shell: 27.1. What the Shell Does
save lines (-sl option) for xterms: 5.12. How Many Lines to Save?
SAVEHIST environment variable: 30.12. Picking Up Where You Left Off
savehist shell variable: 30.12. Picking Up Where You Left Off
saveLines (xterm resource): 5.12. How Many Lines to Save?
saving command lines to file: 1.8. Anyone Can Program the Shell
/sbin directory: 40.1. /usr/bin and Other Software Directories
-sb option (scrollbar) for xterms: 5.11. Working with Scrollbars
scalar variables in Perl: 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy
41.5.1. Scalars
Boolean operators used with: 41.5.1. Scalars
comparing with relational operators: 41.5.1. Scalars
numerical operators used with: 41.5.1. Scalars
string operators used with: 41.5.1. Scalars
sched command: 4.11. Right-Side Prompts
scheduler program: 26.1. Timing Is Everything
process priority, lowering with nice: 26.5. Know When to Be "nice" to Other Users...and When Not To
scheduling processes: 25.1. Building Software Robots the Easy Way
at command, running once with: 25.1. Building Software Robots the Easy Way
regular, periodic execution with cron: 25.1. Building Software Robots the Easy Way
scientific notation: 22.5. Alphabetic and Numeric Sorting
scp command: 1.21. Unix Networking and Communications
46.6. Secure Shell (SSH)
copying archives: 38.9. On-Demand Incremental Backups of a Project
problems and solutions on SSH: 51.5. General and Authentication Problems
51.7. Server and Client Problems
screen editors: 5.2. The Idea of a Terminal Database
screens: 35.8. The DISPLAY Environment Variable
clearing: 4.17. Running Commands When You Log Out
script program: 4.6. Faster Prompt Setting with Built-ins
37.7. Copy What You Do with script
cleaning files: 37.8. Cleaning script Files
ending: 37.7. Copy What You Do with script
scripting languages: 1.20. Scripting
Perl (see Perl)
Python (see Python)
shell scripts vs.: 35.2. Everyone Should Learn Some Shell Programming
scripts
#! notation on first line: 27.3.6. Default Commands
turning on verbose and echo settings: 27.15. Verbose and Echo Settings Show Quoting
batch editing: 20.1. Why Line Editors Aren't Dinosaurs
writing: 20.2. Writing Editing Scripts
bin directory for: 7.4. A bin Directory for Your Programs and Scripts
buildhash: 16.5. Adding Words to ispell's Dictionary
CGI, Python module for: 42.8. cgi
cgrep: 13.9. A Multiline Context grep Using sed
34.18. Searching for Patterns Split Across Lines
checksed: 34.4.1. checksed
cleanup: 14.19. Using find to Clear Out Unneeded Files
converting characters in files: 1.8. Anyone Can Program the Shell
count.it: 16.6. Counting Lines, Words, and Characters: wc
dialback: 28.18.1. Dialback
editing: 21.1. And Why Not?
behead script, removing mail/news headers: 21.5. Remove Mail/News Headers with behead
centering lines: 21.8. Centering Lines in a File
columns, making automatically with column: 21.16. Make Columns Automatically with column
cutting columns or fields: 21.14. Cutting Columns or Fields
encoding binary files into ASCII: 21.12. Encoding "Binary" Files into ASCII
fmt.sh: 21.3. Alternatives to fmt
indenting text with offset script: 21.7. offset: Indent Text
joining lines with join: 21.19. Joining Lines with join
pasting data into columns: 21.18. Pasting Things in Columns
rotating text with rot: 21.21. Rotating Text
splitting files by context: 21.10. Splitting Files by Context: csplit
straightening: 21.17. Straightening Jagged Columns
text conversion with dd: 21.13. Text Conversion with dd
text in columns with pr: 21.15. Making Text in Columns with pr
translating characters with tr: 21.11. Hacking on Characters with tr
uniq command: 21.20. What Is (or Isn't) Unique?
Expect program: 28.18.2. Automating /bin/passwd
file-deletion: 14.7. A Faster Way to Remove Files Interactively
file permissions, changing: 50.7. Protect Important Files: Make Them Unwritable
cx and cw scripts: 50.8. cx, cw, c-w: Quick File Permission Changes
file-time comparisons in: 8.3. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u
hgrep: 13.16. A Highlighting grep
lensort: 22.7. lensort: Sort Lines by Length
lookfor shell script: 9.22. lookfor: Which File Has That Word?
munchlist: 16.5. Adding Words to ispell's Dictionary
namesort: 22.8. Sorting a List of People by Last Name
ndown and nup: 28.16. Separating Commands with Semicolons
nom: 33.8. nom: List Files That Don't Match a Wildcard
opttest: 35.24. Standard Command-Line Parsing
paircheck: 16.8. Looking for Closure
pausing: 25.1. Building Software Robots the Easy Way
Perl (see Perl)
ptbk: 38.9. On-Demand Incremental Backups of a Project
rcsegrep.fast: 13.7.2. rcsegrep.fast
rcsrevs: 39.6. List RCS Revision Numbers with rcsrevs
run-parts: 25.2.2. A Little Help, etc.
running without the shell: 36.3. Don't Need a Shell for Your Script? Don't Use One
runsed: 34.4.2. runsed
sed editor
hold space, using: 34.14. Hold Space: The Set-Aside Buffer
order of commands: 34.6. Order of Commands in a Script
shell (see shell scripts)
shell script wrappers for: 35.19. Shell Script "Wrappers" for awk, sed, etc.
shells reading from standard input: 36.17. A Shell Can Read a Script from Its Standard Input, but...
showargs: 27.5. Output Command-Line Arguments One by One
showmatch: 32.17. Just What Does a Regular Expression Match?
smbprint: 45.9.2. Printing to Windows Printers from Unix
sourceable: 29.7. Sourceable Scripts
SUID and SGID: 49.8. Care and Feeding of SUID and SGID Scripts
unconnected symbolic links, finding: 8.16. oldlinks: Find Unconnected Symbolic Links
updatedb or locate.updatedb shell script: 9.20. Finding Files (Much) Faster with a find Database
vgrep: 33.7.2. The vgrep Script
writeway.pl: 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy
writing in other scripting languages: 35.2. Everyone Should Learn Some Shell Programming
ww.sh: 16.7. Find a a Doubled Word
xgrep: 32.17. Just What Does a Regular Expression Match?
xwrist: 36.26. Outputting Text to an X Window
script.tidy script: 37.8. Cleaning script Files
SCROLL LOCK button: 5.6.1. Output Stopped?
scrollbars (xterm): 5.11. Working with Scrollbars
5.12. How Many Lines to Save?
scrolling error messages: 43.4. Problems Piping to a Pager
scrolling in tty-type virtual consoles: 23.12.2. Scrolling, Using a Mouse
SD (Send Data) light: 5.6.4. Stalled Data Connection?
sdiff command: 11.4. Side-by-Side diffs: sdiff
-w option: 11.4. Side-by-Side diffs: sdiff
building one file from two compared files: 11.5. Choosing Sides with sdiff
search access to directories: 7.3. Access to Directories
50.2.1. User, Group, and World
search and replace: 17.9. Confirming Substitutions in vi
(see also replacement patterns; search patterns)
regular expressions used in sed or ex: 32.21.2. Examples of Searching and Replacing
undoing in vi editor: 17.9. Confirming Substitutions in vi
search operators with find command: 9.6. Be an Expert on find Search Operators
search path: 1.9. Internal and External Commands
27.3.4. Shell Search Paths
35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program
configuring in shell setup files: 3.5. What Goes in Shell Setup Files?
in .cshrc.$HOST file: 3.18. A .cshrc.$HOST File for Per Host Setup
FPATH (for functions): 29.13.2. FPATH Search Path
Korn shell: 29.13.2.1. Korn shell
zsh shell: 29.13.2.2. zsh
PATH environment variable: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables
setting for shells: 27.6. Controlling Shell Command Searches
updating with rehash: 7.4. A bin Directory for Your Programs and Scripts
search patterns
csplit program: 21.10. Splitting Files by Context: csplit
for ed, ex, and sed, regular expression metacharacters in: 32.20. Valid Metacharacters for Different Unix Programs
global commands with: 17.14. Useful Global Commands (with Pattern Matches)
regular expressions in (examples): 32.21.1. Examples of Searching
sed editor
delimiting: 34.8. Delimiting a Regular Expression
split across lines: 34.18. Searching for Patterns Split Across Lines
vi editor: 17.8. Using Search Patterns and Global Commands
compund searches: 17.22. vi Compound Searches
global searches: 17.8.1. Global Searches
search permission: 50.2. Tutorial on File and Directory Permissions
50.2. Tutorial on File and Directory Permissions
(see also execute permission)
search strings in sed, referencing portions of in replacement: 34.11. Referencing Portions of a Search String
search wraps, stopping in vi: 17.15. Counting Occurrences; Stopping Search Wraps
search.el file: 19.8. Rational Searches
searching
for doubled word typing errors: 16.7. Find a a Doubled Word
in Emacs: 19.8. Rational Searches
PWD variable and: 19.9. Unset PWD Before Using Emacs
grep commands, using: 13.1. Different Versions of grep
look program, using: 13.14. Fast Searches and Spelling Checks with "look"
manual pages: 2.4. Searching Online Manual Pages
secondary prompts
? (question mark) as: 28.9.1. A foreach Loop
Bourne shell quoting and: 27.12.4. Multiline Quoting
> (greater than sign) as: 28.9.2. A for Loop
multiline commands and: 28.12. Multiline Commands, Secondary Prompts
sections in documentation: 2.1. The man Command
secure keyboard mode (xterm): 5.17. The xterm Menus
Secure Shell (SSH) (see ssh)
Secure Sockets Layer (see SSL)
security: 48.1. Understanding Points of Vulnerability
bin directory, preventing unauthorized file operations: 7.4. A bin Directory for Your Programs and Scripts
buffer overflow: 48.4. What We Mean by Buffer Overflow
CERT checklists: 48.2. CERT Security Checklists
disallowing rlogin and rsh: 48.11. Disallow rlogin and rsh
files: 50.1. Introduction to File Ownership and Security
50.1. Introduction to File Ownership and Security
(see also permissions)
making them unwritable: 50.7. Protect Important Files: Make Them Unwritable
managing permissions: 50.11. Juggling Permissions
modifying files without write access: 50.9. A Loophole: Modifying Files Without Write Access
sticky bit permission: 50.4. Protecting Files with the Sticky Bit
host listings in .rhosts file or /etc/hosts.equiv file: 6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh
inetd daemon, disabling: 48.10. Disabling inetd
intruder detection: 48.7. Intruder Detection
keeping up with security alerts: 48.3. Keeping Up with Security Alerts
Linux /proc filesystem, viewing current state of system: 48.9. The Linux proc Filesystem
login program, checks performed by: 3.1. What Happens When You Log In
MOTD, importance of: 48.8. Importance of MOTD
NFS and: 44.9. Mounting Network Filesystems — NFS, SMBFS
performance problems, checking: 48.6. Beware of Sluggish Performance
I/O statistics: 48.6.4. Other Checks
network connections: 48.6.3. Check Network Connections
processes: 48.6.1. Check Processes
swap space: 48.6.2. Checking Swap Space
virtual memory statistics: 48.6.4. Other Checks
Samba: 47.3. Securing Samba
security settings in smb.conf: 47.3. Securing Samba
TCP wrapper programs, checking logs: 48.12. TCP Wrappers
vulnerabilities: 48.1. Understanding Points of Vulnerability
xterm: 5.17. The xterm Menus
sed editor: 3.12. Terminal Setup: Testing Remote Hostname and X Display
20.1. Why Line Editors Aren't Dinosaurs
34.1. sed Sermon^H^H^H^H^H^HSummary
-f option: 34.3. Invoking sed
36.3. Don't Need a Shell for Your Script? Don't Use One
-n option: 34.3. Invoking sed
34.17. The Deliberate Scrivener
36.23.4. Using sed
addressing: 34.5. sed Addressing Basics
command line: 34.3. Invoking sed
commands, operations of (deliberate scrivener analogy): 34.17. The Deliberate Scrivener
dedent script: 5.21. Tips for Copy and Paste Between Windows
delete commands: 34.5. sed Addressing Basics
34.19. Multiline Delete
delimiting regular expressions: 34.8. Delimiting a Regular Expression
edit non-matching lines: 34.20. Making Edits Everywhere Except...
extra blank lines, squashing: 12.7. Squash Extra Blank Lines
files, not changing by editing: 34.2. Two Things You Must Know About sed
fmt.sh script: 21.3. Alternatives to fmt
general-purpose batch editing: 20.5. Running Editing Scripts Within vi
global commands: 34.2. Two Things You Must Know About sed
grep program, multiline context: 13.9. A Multiline Context grep Using sed
grep programs: 13.1. Different Versions of grep
hold (h or H) commands: 34.14. Hold Space: The Set-Aside Buffer
hold space: 34.14. Hold Space: The Set-Aside Buffer
34.14. Hold Space: The Set-Aside Buffer
line-by-line and search using: 13.10. Compound Searches
line-numbering with: 12.13. Numbering Lines
lq command: 8.15. newer: Print the Name of the Newest File
makealias and quote aliases: 29.10. Fix Quoting in csh Aliases with makealias and quote
mkdir command, inserting into find command output: 9.17. Duplicating a Directory Tree
multiple matches on a line: 34.12. Search and Replacement: One Match Among Many
newlines in a replacement: 34.9. Newlines in a sed Replacement
newlines quoting and backslashes, shell interpretation of: 34.24. sed Newlines, Quoting, and Backslashes in a Shell Script
order of commands in a script: 34.6. Order of Commands in a Script
parsing strings: 36.23.4. Using sed
pattern space: 34.14. Hold Space: The Set-Aside Buffer
making edits across line boundaries: 34.16. Making Edits Across Line Boundaries
print (p) command: 34.17. The Deliberate Scrivener
quit (q) command: 34.22. Uses of the sed Quit Command
referencing portions of a search string: 34.11. Referencing Portions of a Search String
referencing the search string in a replacement: 34.10. Referencing the Search String in a Replacement
regular expressions used in
documentation for: 32.21. Pattern Matching Quick Reference with Examples
metacharacters: 32.20. Valid Metacharacters for Different Unix Programs
search and replace commands: 32.21.2. Examples of Searching and Replacing
searching for patterns split across lines: 34.18. Searching for Patterns Split Across Lines
substitute command: 37.8. Cleaning script Files
test (t) command: 34.21. The sed Test Command
testing and using a script: 34.4. Testing and Using a sed Script: checksed, runsed
checksed script: 34.4.1. checksed
runsed script: 34.4.2. runsed
transformation on text: 34.13. Transformations on Text
using from command line: 28.12. Multiline Commands, Secondary Prompts
wrapping sed scripts in shell scripts: 35.19. Shell Script "Wrappers" for awk, sed, etc.
writing scripts: 34.7. One Thing at a Time
x (exchange) command: 34.14. Hold Space: The Set-Aside Buffer
-e option: 34.3. Invoking sed
y (transform) command: 34.15. Transforming Part of a Line
SEGV (segmentation violation) signal: 24.10. What Are Signals?
selecting text in xterms: 5.13. Simple Copy and Paste in xterm
word selection, changing word definition for: 5.14. Defining What Makes Up a Word for Selection Purposes
xclipboard, problems with large selections: 5.20. Problems with Large Selections
selection of fonts, enabling for xterm: 5.18.2. Enabling Escape Sequence and Selection
send command: 28.18.1. Dialback
sendmail program: 21.12.2. MIME Encoding
46.8. Mail — SMTP, POP, and IMAP
Server Message Block File System (SMBFS): 44.9. Mounting Network Filesystems — NFS, SMBFS
server number (X Window System): 35.8. The DISPLAY Environment Variable
servers
access control: 6.10.1. Starting Remote X Clients from Interactive Logins
anonymous FTP: 46.7. Configuring an Anonymous FTP Server
Apache, running Python in: 42.4. Python and the Web
42.9. mod_python
DHCP: 46.10. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
DNS: 46.9. Domain Name Service (DNS)
IMAP: 46.8. Mail — SMTP, POP, and IMAP
NAT (Network Address Translation): 46.11. Gateways and NAT
POP: 46.8. Mail — SMTP, POP, and IMAP
SSH
empty passwords, problems with: 51.5. General and Authentication Problems
SSH, problems with: 51.7. Server and Client Problems
VNC (Virtual Network Computing): 47.7. Sharing Desktops with VNC
services
/etc/services file: 46.2. /etc/services Is Your Friend
inetd file, managing Internet services: 46.5. The Director of Operations: inetd
SMB, verifying: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba
Session Message Block (SMB) protocol: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba
sessions, information about in window title or status line: 4.8. Session Info in Window Title or Status Line
set command: 35.25.1. Setting Options
-x option, turning on echo flag: 27.15. Verbose and Echo Settings Show Quoting
-xv option: 37.1.1. Use -xv
+H option, disabling history substitution in bash: 30.16. Instead of Changing History Characters
listing shell variables: 35.9. Shell Variables
listing shell variables and functions: 35.3. What Environment Variables Are Good For
lockfiles, creating: 36.27. Shell Lockfile
multiple variables in for loop: 36.12. Making a for Loop with Multiple Variables
with no arguments: 35.25.3. (Avoiding?) set with No Arguments
opttest script (example): 35.24. Standard Command-Line Parsing
parsing single-line strings with: 36.23.3. Using set and IFS
window size: 3.16. Terminal Setup: Testing Window Size
xv option, hung terminals and: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In
set directory command: 17.27. Out of Temporary Space? Use Another Directory
set noglob command: 5.3. Setting the Terminal Type When You Log In
set notify command: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell
set path command: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In
setgid bit, group permissions for directory: 49.5. Group Permissions in a Directory with the setgid Bit
setprompt alias: 4.14. dirs in Your Prompt: Better Than $cwd
setprompt function: 4.6. Faster Prompt Setting with Built-ins
setstatline alias: 4.8. Session Info in Window Title or Status Line
settitle alias: 4.8. Session Info in Window Title or Status Line
setup files for shells (see configuration files)
setup files (multiple) for vi and ex: 17.17. Per-File Setups in Separate Files
SGID bit for directories: 7.3. Access to Directories
SGID scripts: 49.8. Care and Feeding of SUID and SGID Scripts
SGML: 45.13. Formatting Markup Languages — troff, LATEX, HTML, and So On
sh (Bourne shell): 1.6. There Are Many Shells
1.6. There Are Many Shells
24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
27.1. What the Shell Does
-c option: 24.21. Terminal Windows Without Shells
#!, seraching the PATH with: 36.4. Making #! Search the PATH
aliases: 29.2. Introduction to Shell Aliases
29.4. Setting and Unsetting Bourne-Type Aliases
arrays: 9.23.1. Using the Stored Lists
at command output, quieting: 25.6. Making Your at Jobs Quiet
background processing: 23.2.2. Using Job Control from Your Shell
23.4. Some Gotchas with Job Control
case statements: 3.10. Automatic Setups for Different Terminals
port name, testing: 3.13. Terminal Setup: Testing Port
testing TERM variable: 3.11. Terminal Setup: Testing TERM
date formats: 4.15. External Commands Send Signals to Set Variables
debugging scripts: 37.1. Tips for Debugging Shell Scripts
for loop: 28.9.2. A for Loop
hangups in: 23.10. nohup
loading changed PATH: 27.6. Controlling Shell Command Searches
logouts
accidental: 4.19. Stop Accidental Bourne-Shell Logouts
running commands at: 4.18. Running Commands at Bourne/Korn Shell Logout
multiline commands: 28.12. Multiline Commands, Secondary Prompts
piping output of shell loops to pagers: 2.4. Searching Online Manual Pages
.profile file: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why
prompts: 4.2. Static Prompts
primary prompt: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables
quoting in: 10.9. Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files
27.12. Bourne Shell Quoting
multiline: 27.12.4. Multiline Quoting
rules for: 27.12.2. How Quoting Works
showing with verbose and echo settings: 27.15. Verbose and Echo Settings Show Quoting
special characters: 27.12.1. Special Characters
reading arguments: 27.11. Is It "2>&1 file" or "> file 2>&1"? Why?
reading .profile file: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In
redirecting standard I/O (see redirecting input and output)
standard error: 43.3. Send (Only) Standard Error Down a Pipe
repeating commands: 28.8. Repeating Commands
safe delete program: 14.9. Safe Delete: Pros and Cons
script file extension: 1.12. Filename Extensions
1.12. Filename Extensions
scripts, writing: 35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program
35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program
36.1. Beyond the Basics
simulated shell functions and aliases: 29.14. Simulated Bourne Shell Functions and Aliases
special characters/operators in: 27.17. "Special" Characters and Operators
string editing operators: 36.7. Parameter Substitution
su stucklogin command: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In
TERM variable, setting with tset command: 5.3. Setting the Terminal Type When You Log In
trap command: 4.15. External Commands Send Signals to Set Variables
24.11. Killing Foreground Jobs
wildcards, failing to match: 33.4. What if a Wildcard Doesn't Match?
sh command: 5.6.5. Aborting Programs
-xv options: 37.1.1. Use -xv
starting Bourne shell with: 27.3.5. Bourne Shell Used Here
v option: 10.9. Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files
.sh filename extension: 1.12. Filename Extensions
sharing
desktops with VNC: 47.7. Sharing Desktops with VNC
directories and printers with Windows network (see Samba)
sharing directories and printers with Windows network
printing over Samba: 45.9. Printing Over Samba
shebang line in scripts, #! characters: 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy
SHELL environment variable: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables
resize command and: 5.5. Querying Your xterm Size: resize
shell escapes: 17.21. Shell Escapes: Running One UnixCommand While Using Another
starting a subshell: 24.4. Subshells
shell functions: 1.9. Internal and External Commands
27.9. Which One Will bash Use?
29.11. Shell Function Basics
c, changing directories with: 31.10. cd by Directory Initials
C shell, determining whether to use: 27.10. Which One Will the C Shell Use?
custom commands in: 29.2. Introduction to Shell Aliases
functions calling functions: 29.11.4. Functions Calling Functions: Factorials
listing: 35.3. What Environment Variables Are Good For
loops in: 29.11.2. Functions with Loops: Internet Lookup
ls with options: 29.11.1. Simple Functions: ls with Options
propagating: 29.13. Propagating Shell Functions
exporting bash functions: 29.13.1. Exporting bash Functions
FPATH search path: 29.13.2. FPATH Search Path
putting arguments inside a Bourne-type alias: 29.4. Setting and Unsetting Bourne-Type Aliases
simulating with . (dot) command: 35.29. Reading Files with the . and source Commands
specific shells, information on: 29.12. Shell Function Specifics
using in shell scripts: 35.30. Using Shell Functions in Shell Scripts
work, setting current shell environment: 29.11.3. Setting Current Shell Environment: The work Function
ww function, finding doubled words: 16.7. Find a a Doubled Word
shell metacharacters (see wildcards)
shell parameters, with simulated functions: 29.14. Simulated Bourne Shell Functions and Aliases
shell prompts (see prompts)
shell scripts: 1.8. Anyone Can Program the Shell
24.4. Subshells
35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program
36.1. Beyond the Basics
:, #, and #!: 36.2. The Story of : # #!
: (Bourne shell) operator: 36.6. The Unappreciated Bourne Shell ":" Operator
#!, searching the PATH with: 36.4. Making #! Search the PATH
arguments passed to: 1.8. Anyone Can Program the Shell
basename and dirname, using: 36.13. Using basename and dirname
bin directory for: 7.4. A bin Directory for Your Programs and Scripts
bkedit: 35.13. Test Exit Status with the if Statement
case statements: 35.10. Test String Values with Bourne-Shell case
pattern matching in: 35.11. Pattern Matching in case Statements
testing string values with: 35.10. Test String Values with Bourne-Shell case
closing window from: 24.22.3. Closing a Window from a Shell Script
command-line arguments, handling: 35.20. Handling Command-Line Arguments in Shell Scripts
command lines as scripts: 35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program
commenting: 36.2. The Story of : # #!
commenting RCS files: 39.5. RCS Basics
conditional expressions in if statements: 35.13. Test Exit Status with the if Statement
dater: 43.11. Named Pipes: FIFOs
debugging: 37.1. Tips for Debugging Shell Scripts
environment variables: 35.3. What Environment Variables Are Good For
exec command: 36.5. The exec Command
exit status of Unix processes: 35.12. Exit Status of Unix Processes
loops, testing with: 35.15. Loops That Test Exit Status
testing with if statement: 35.13. Test Exit Status with the if Statement
exit status, setting: 35.16. Set Exit Status of a Shell (Script)
exits caused by interrupts, trapping: 35.17. Trapping Exits Caused by Interrupts
expr command: 36.21. Quick Reference: expr
finding last command-line argument: 36.9. Finding the Last Command-Line Argument
for loop with multiple variables: 36.12. Making a for Loop with Multiple Variables
with GNU tar, archiving deleted files on tape: 14.17. Deleting Stale Files
hardcoding usersÕ home directory pathnames: 31.11. Finding (Anyone's) Home Directory, Quickly
interactive use vs: 27.3.2. Interactive Use Versus Shell Scripts
last-access times: 8.3. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u
limitations of: 29.7. Sourceable Scripts
lockfiles, creating from: 36.27. Shell Lockfile
lookfor: 9.22. lookfor: Which File Has That Word?
making executable: 50.8. cx, cw, c-w: Quick File Permission Changes
multiple names for: 36.8. Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program
naming: 35.27. Picking a Name for a New Command
nested command substitution: 36.24. Nested Command Substitution
for noninteractive shells: 3.4.2. Interactive Shells
parameter substitution: 36.7. Parameter Substitution
parent-child relationships: 35.4. Parent-Child Relationships
Perl, using (see Perl)
permissions: 35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program
50.13. Shell Scripts Must Be Readable and (Usually) Executable
reading from standard input: 36.18. Shell Scripts On-the-Fly from Standard Input
36.18. Shell Scripts On-the-Fly from Standard Input
regular expressions metacharacters in: 27.17. "Special" Characters and Operators
requote: 5.21. Tips for Copy and Paste Between Windows
runaway, killing by name: 24.15. Killing Processes by Name?
running: 36.2. The Story of : # #!
running as a daemon: 24.13. Printer Queue Watcher: A Restartable Daemon Shell Script
scripts without the shell: 36.3. Don't Need a Shell for Your Script? Don't Use One
scripts written in other scripting languages vs: 35.2. Everyone Should Learn Some Shell Programming
shell functions, using in: 35.30. Using Shell Functions in Shell Scripts
shell functions vs.: 29.11.2. Functions with Loops: Internet Lookup
shell reading script from standard input: 36.17. A Shell Can Read a Script from Its Standard Input, but...
shell variables: 35.9. Shell Variables
showenv: 24.9.4. Statistics of Processes by PID
simple, examples of: 35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program
sourceable: 29.7. Sourceable Scripts
sourcing: 29.7. Sourceable Scripts
35.29. Reading Files with the . and source Commands
standard input to a for loop: 36.11. Standard Input to a for Loop
strings, working with: 36.23. Grabbing Parts of a String
stripper: 15.10. Save Space in Executable Files with strip
submitting for execution at a later time: 25.5. The at Command
testing character strings with expr: 36.22. Testing Characters in a String with expr
testing for success: 35.14. Testing Your Success
testing two strings with a case statement: 36.25. Testing Two Strings with One case Statement
turning off echo: 36.20. Turn Off echo for "Secret" Answers
variables set by: 37.2. Bourne Shell Debugger Shows a Shell Variable
while loop with several loop control commands: 36.14. A while Loop with Several Loop Control Commands
wrappers for awk, sed and other scripts: 35.19. Shell Script "Wrappers" for awk, sed, etc.
writing simple: 35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program
zap: 24.16.2. zap
shell variables: 35.9. Shell Variables
$ (dollar sign), preceding name with: 35.9. Shell Variables
cdable_vars: 31.12. Marking Your Place with a Shell Variable
cdpath: 31.5. Saving Time When You Change Directories: cdpath
in .cshrc.$HOST file: 3.18. A .cshrc.$HOST File for Per Host Setup
current directory, storing in: 31.12. Marking Your Place with a Shell Variable
environment variables vs.: 35.3. What Environment Variables Are Good For
35.9. Shell Variables
eval command and: 27.8. eval: When You Need Another Chance
histchars: 30.15. Changing History Characters with histchars
history: 35.9. Shell Variables
IFS (internal field separator): 36.23.3. Using set and IFS
iterating over arguments: 37.5. Quoting and Command-Line Parameters
listing with set command: 35.3. What Environment Variables Are Good For
35.9. Shell Variables
multiline quoting in Bourne shell and: 27.12.4. Multiline Quoting
names: 35.9. Shell Variables
noclobber: 43.6. Safe I/O Redirection with noclobber
path: 35.7. PATH and path
printexitvalue: 35.12. Exit Status of Unix Processes
printing value of individual with echo: 35.9. Shell Variables
read-only: 35.9. Shell Variables
revnum: 39.6. List RCS Revision Numbers with rcsrevs
savehist (C shell): 30.12. Picking Up Where You Left Off
set by shell scripts, debugging: 37.2. Bourne Shell Debugger Shows a Shell Variable
setting: 35.9. Shell Variables
setting with combined use of sed and eval: 36.23.4. Using sed
storing control characters in: 37.8. Cleaning script Files
shell wrappers
invoking sed scripts from: 34.4. Testing and Using a sed Script: checksed, runsed
sed script embedded in: 34.18. Searching for Patterns Split Across Lines
shells: 1.4. Communication with Unix
-v (verbose) option: 36.18. Shell Scripts On-the-Fly from Standard Input
aliases: 29.2. Introduction to Shell Aliases
archives, filename extension: 1.12. Filename Extensions
arrays: 9.23. Using Shell Arrays to Browse Directories
expanding ranges: 9.23.2. Expanding Ranges
built-in commands: 1.4. Communication with Unix
1.9. Internal and External Commands
command argument lists, providing: 9.2. Delving Through a Deep Directory Tree
command-line editing: 30.1. The Lessons of History
30.14. Shell Command-Line Editing
calculating prompt string width: 4.10. Highlighting and Color in Shell Prompts
commands for working with functions: 29.11.5. Conclusion
as controlling process: 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
curly braces ({ }) in: 1.13. Wildcards
33.3. Who Handles Wildcards?
debugging (see debugging)
defined: 27.3. What's a Shell, Anyway?
determining which is running: 1.7. Which Shell Am I Running?
disowning jobs: 23.11. Disowning Processes
Emacs, running in: 19.1. Emacs: The Other Editor
19.2. Emacs Features: A Laundry List
exiting to close a window: 24.20. The Process Chain to Your Window
filename-matching patterns: 32.2. Don't Confuse Regular Expressions with Wildcards
history mechanism (see history of commands)
interactive: 3.4. Login Shells, Interactive Shells
interpretation of commands (see commands)
interpreting the command line: 1.4. Communication with Unix
job control (see job control)
kill command, built-in: 24.17. Processes Out of Control? Just STOP Them
killing: 24.12. Destroying Processes with kill
limiting file sizes: 15.5.1. limit and ulimit
metacharacters in: 27.17. "Special" Characters and Operators
passing command history to: 30.13. Pass History to Another Shell
priority, setting with nice: 26.5. Know When to Be "nice" to Other Users...and When Not To
as processes: 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
programming: 1.8. Anyone Can Program the Shell
1.8. Anyone Can Program the Shell
(see also shell scripts)
pushd and popd commands: 31.7. The Shells' pushd and popd Commands
quoting in (see quoting)
reading scripts from standard input: 36.17. A Shell Can Read a Script from Its Standard Input, but...
36.18. Shell Scripts On-the-Fly from Standard Input
redirecting standard I/O (see redirecting input and output)
relationship with kernel, utilities, and applications: 1.4. Communication with Unix
remote login sessions, stopping: 23.13. Stopping Remote Login Sessions
remote, running: 6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh
replacing one with another, using exec: 36.5. The exec Command
replacing with exec command: 24.2. fork and exec
running scripts without: 36.3. Don't Need a Shell for Your Script? Don't Use One
setting up: 3.1. What Happens When You Log In
account setup, changing: 3.6. Tip for Changing Account Setup: Keep a Shell Ready
contents of setup files: 3.5. What Goes in Shell Setup Files?
.cshrc.$HOST file for per host setup: 3.18. A .cshrc.$HOST File for Per Host Setup
interactive shells: 3.4.2. Interactive Shells
login shells: 3.4.1. Login Shells
3.19. Making a "Login" Shell
logins: 3.1. What Happens When You Log In
Mac OS X Terminal application: 3.2. The Mac OS X Terminal Application
reading setup files at different times: 3.8. Setup Files Aren't Read When You Want?
setup files, understanding: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why
terminals, automatic setups for: 3.10. Automatic Setups for Different Terminals
setup files: 1.9. Internal and External Commands
PATH environemt variable: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables
special characters and their meanings: 27.17. "Special" Characters and Operators
specialized, based on languages such as Python, TCL, Perl: 27.1. What the Shell Does
stopping jobs on: 23.7. System Overloaded? Try Stopping Some Jobs
subshells: 24.4. Subshells
suspending with suspend command: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell
terminal windows without: 24.21. Terminal Windows Without Shells
types of: 1.6. There Are Many Shells
27.3.3. Types of Shells
understanding # as comment: 36.3. Don't Need a Shell for Your Script? Don't Use One
Unix programs working independently of: 1.5. Programs Are Designed to Work Together
wildcards: 33.1. File-Naming Wildcards
33.1. File-Naming Wildcards
(see also wildcards)
handling of: 33.3. Who Handles Wildcards?
matching with fast find commands: 9.19. Wildcards with "Fast find" Database
without job control, using 0 (zero) PID to kill all processes: 24.14. Killing All Your Processes
X window, using from: 24.20. The Process Chain to Your Window
shift command: 9.23.1. Using the Stored Lists
removing command-line arguments: 35.20.2. With a Loop
unsetting command-line parameters: 36.10. How to Unset All Command-Line Parameters
in while loops: 35.22. Handling Arguments with while and shift
35.22. Handling Arguments with while and shift
shift operator (Perl): 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy
41.5.2. Arrays
.sh_logout file: 4.19. Stop Accidental Bourne-Shell Logouts
SHLVL variable: 3.4.1. Login Shells
shorthand substitution command (^xy^yx): 30.8. History Substitutions
.shosts file: 6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh
showargs script: 27.5. Output Command-Line Arguments One by One
showenv shell script: 24.9.4. Statistics of Processes by PID
showmatch script: 32.17. Just What Does a Regular Expression Match?
shutdown program: 1.10. The Kernel and Daemons
side-by-side file comparisons (sdiff command): 11.4. Side-by-Side diffs: sdiff
Sierra, Mike: 4.7. Multiline Shell Prompts
signals: 24.10. What Are Signals?
common, listing of: 24.10. What Are Signals?
distribution of, using process groups: 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
handling: 24.10. What Are Signals?
kill command, using with: 24.12. Destroying Processes with kill
killing all processes: 24.14. Killing All Your Processes
killing processes by name: 24.15. Killing Processes by Name?
killing processes interactively: 24.16. Kill Processes Interactively
restarting daemon shell script: 24.13. Printer Queue Watcher: A Restartable Daemon Shell Script
STOP signal: 24.17. Processes Out of Control? Just STOP Them
unkillable processes: 24.18. Cleaning Up an Unkillable Process
numbers, variations among systems: 24.10. What Are Signals?
for trap commands: 35.17. Trapping Exits Caused by Interrupts
35.17. Trapping Exits Caused by Interrupts
simulating dynamic prompts: 4.4. Simulating Dynamic Prompts
sin command (awk): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands
single quotes (see ', under Symbols)
single user mode: 49.3. Forgetting the root Password
site-packages directory: 42.2. Installation and Distutils
size
finding files by: 8.14. Listing Files by Age and Size
fonts: 5.16. The Simple Way to Pick a Font
5.18.1. VT Fonts Menu
limits for files: 37.9. Making an Arbitrary-Size File for Testing
xterm windows: 5.5. Querying Your xterm Size: resize
-size operator (find command): 9.14. Searching for Files by Size
-sl option (save lines) for xterms: 5.12. How Many Lines to Save?
sl script: 10.8. Showing the Actual Filenames for Symbolic Links
sleep command: 25.1. Building Software Robots the Easy Way
endless while loop, using in: 36.26. Outputting Text to an X Window
forcing shell to wait before exiting: 4.17. Running Commands When You Log Out
in strings of commands separated by semicolons (;): 28.16. Separating Commands with Semicolons
uses of: 25.9. Waiting a Little While: sleep
sleeping: 1.10. The Kernel and Daemons
slocate command: 9.18. Using "Fast find" Databases
9.20. Finding Files (Much) Faster with a find Database
SMB (Session Message Block) protocol: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba
smbclient program: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba
47.6. Connecting to SMB Shares from Unix
connecting to SMB printer: 47.5. Printing with Samba
smb.conf files: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba
default printer, sharing with SMB network: 47.5. Printing with Samba
defaults, leaving in place: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba
security directive: 47.3. Securing Samba
sharing local directory with SMB network: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba
smbd daemon: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba
SMBFS (Servr Message Block File System): 44.9. Mounting Network Filesystems — NFS, SMBFS
smbfs tool: 44.9. Mounting Network Filesystems — NFS, SMBFS
smbmnt command: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba
smbpasswd utility: 47.3. Securing Samba
smbprint script: 45.9.2. Printing to Windows Printers from Unix
SMTP (Simple Message Transfer Protocol): 46.8. Mail — SMTP, POP, and IMAP
sockets
displaying active with netstart: 46.3. Status and Troubleshooting
returning activity on with netstat: 48.6.3. Check Network Connections
Secure Sockets Layer (see SSL)
soft disk quota limits: 15.11. Disk Quotas
soft links (see symbolic links)
soft mounting of NFS: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In
software installation: 40.1. /usr/bin and Other Software Directories
challenges of: 40.2. The Challenges of Software Installation on Unix
curl application, using: 40.8. The curl Application and One-Step GNU-Darwin Auto-Installer for OS X
Debian apt-get tool, using: 40.6. Installing Software with Debian's Apt-Get
configuring sources.list file: 40.6.1. Configuring the sources.list File
Debian dselect tool, using: 40.5. Using Debian's dselect
access method, choosing: 40.5.1. Choosing the Access Method
choosing packages for installation or removal: 40.5.3. Choosing Packages for Installation or Removal
configuring packages: 40.5.6. Configuring Packages
exiting: 40.5.8. Exiting dselect
exiting select function: 40.5.4. Exiting the Select Function
installing packages: 40.5.5. Installing Packages
removing packages: 40.5.7. Removing Packages
updating information on available packages: 40.5.2. Updating Information on Available Packages
FreeBSD packages, using: 40.10. Installing with FreeBSD Packages
FreeBSD Ports, using: 40.9. Installation with FreeBSD Ports
GNU wget utility, using: 40.7. Interruptable gets with wget
make utility, versions of: 40.3. Which make?
RPM, using: 40.11. Finding and Installing RPM Packaged Software
simplifying the make process: 40.4. Simplifying the make Process
/usr/bin and other directories for: 40.1. /usr/bin and Other Software Directories
software robots: 25.1. Building Software Robots the Easy Way
Solaris
adding users to system: 49.2. When Does a User Become a User
disk device naming scheme: 44.4. Disk Partitioning
OpenSSH: 51.3. Free SSH with OpenSSH
serial consoles: 44.14. Decapitating Your Machine — Serial Consoles
single user mode, entering: 49.3. Forgetting the root Password
vold daemon for removable media: 44.6. Mounting and Unmounting Removable Filesystems
sort command
-b option (ignoring blanks): 22.5. Alphabetic and Numeric Sorting
22.6.2. Ignoring Blanks
-d option (dictionary order): 22.6.4. Dictionary Order
-g option, sorting numbers in scientific notation: 22.5. Alphabetic and Numeric Sorting
-M option (month order): 22.6.5. Month Order
-r option (reverse order): 22.6.6. Reverse Sort
-t option, changing sort field delimiter: 22.3. Changing the sort Field Delimiter
alphabetic vs. numeric: 22.5. Alphabetic and Numeric Sorting
case-insensitive sorts: 22.6.3. Case-Insensitive Sorts
fields: 22.2. Sort Fields: How sort Sorts
u option: 16.4. Inside spell
-u option, eliminating duplicate lines: 22.6.1. Dealing with Repeated Lines
sorting
files: 8.3. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u
by last name (namesort script): 22.8. Sorting a List of People by Last Name
lines by length (lensort script): 22.7. lensort: Sort Lines by Length
sort command: 22.2. Sort Fields: How sort Sorts
sound cards: 44.1. Quick Introduction to Hardware
44.13. Dealing with Sound Cards and Other Annoying Hardware
source code, locating for programs: 2.3. whereis: Finding Where a Command Is Located
source command
-h (history) option: 30.13. Pass History to Another Shell
ex editor: 20.4. Useful ex Commands
reading aliases file into C shell: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why
scripts, using on: 29.7. Sourceable Scripts
shell scripts, using on: 35.29. Reading Files with the . and source Commands
source filename: 29.9. How to Put if-then-else in a C-Shell Alias
sourceable scripts: 29.7. Sourceable Scripts
sources.list file: 40.5.1. Choosing the Access Method
components: 40.6.1. Configuring the sources.list File
configuring: 40.6.1. Configuring the sources.list File
distribution: 40.6.1. Configuring the sources.list File
spawning processes: 24.2. fork and exec
special characters
in Bourne shell (sh): 27.12.1. Special Characters
C shell: 27.13.1. Special Characters
C shell filenames, quotiing in: 27.14. Quoting Special Characters in Filenames
in filenames: 1.11. Filenames
8.12. Showing Nonprintable Characters in Filenames
deleting files: 14.11. Deleting Files with Odd Names
in shell prompts: 4.3. Dynamic Prompts
4.6. Faster Prompt Setting with Built-ins
in shells, listing with definitions: 27.17. "Special" Characters and Operators
spell checking: 16.1. The Unix spell Command
aspell utility: 16.2. Check Spelling Interactively with ispell
ispell program: 16.2. Check Spelling Interactively with ispell
-a option: 16.3. How Do I Spell That Word?
16.5. Adding Words to ispell's Dictionary
-d option, providing master spelling list: 16.5. Adding Words to ispell's Dictionary
adding words to dictionary: 16.5. Adding Words to ispell's Dictionary
look command: 13.14. Fast Searches and Spelling Checks with "look"
16.3. How Do I Spell That Word?
sed editor, corrector program: 34.21. The sed Test Command
spell command: 16.1. The Unix spell Command
16.3. How Do I Spell That Word?
16.4. Inside spell
-v option: 16.4. Inside spell
-x option: 16.4. Inside spell
b option (British usage): 16.4. Inside spell
dictionary files for special words and terms: 16.1. The Unix spell Command
spellhist file: 16.4. Inside spell
spellprog program: 16.4. Inside spell
stop list for typical misspellings: 16.4. Inside spell
split command
awk: 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands
loops using: 36.13.2. Use with Loops
variants of: 21.9. Splitting Files at Fixed Points: split
split function: 20.10.5. Variables and Array Assignments
splitting strings
IFS, places in which it can't be used: 36.23.3. Using set and IFS
into fields: 36.23.3. Using set and IFS
SPOOL (Simultaneous Printing Off and On Line): 45.1. Introduction to Printing
spooling system for printing: 45.1. Introduction to Printing
converting source files within: 45.17. Converting Source Files Automagically Within the Spooler
lpd daemon: 45.8. Printing Over a Network
lpr-style commands: 45.2.1. lpr-Style Printing Commands
symbolic links: 45.5. Using Symbolic Links for Spooling
spreadsheet modes in Emacs: 19.2. Emacs Features: A Laundry List
sprintf command (awk): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands
sqrt command (awk): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands
srand command (nawk): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands
ssh: 1.21. Unix Networking and Communications
51.1. Enabling Remote Access on Mac OS X
-agent option, copying archives without password: 38.9. On-Demand Incremental Backups of a Project
-keygen option: 46.6. Secure Shell (SSH)
backups to remote tape drive: 38.7. Using tar to a Remote Tape Drive
accessing with GNU tar: 38.8. Using GNU tar with a Remote Tape Drive
differences from rsh: 6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh
enabling on Mac OS X: 51.1. Enabling Remote Access on Mac OS X
interactive login: 6.10.1. Starting Remote X Clients from Interactive Logins
OpenSSH: 51.3. Free SSH with OpenSSH
port numbers for: 3.13. Terminal Setup: Testing Port
problems and solutions: 51.4. SSH Problems and Solutions
general and authentication: 51.5. General and Authentication Problems
key and agent problems: 51.6. Key and Agent Problems
server and client problems: 51.7. Server and Client Problems
protecting access through: 51.2. Protecting Access Through SSH
rsync program: 20.6. Change Many Files by Editing Just One
running reading- or writing-tar on remote system: 10.13. Copying Directory Trees with tar and Pipes
scp file copy mechanism: 46.6. Secure Shell (SSH)
stalled data connection with: 5.6.4. Stalled Data Connection?
starting remote X clients: 6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh
suspending jobs: 23.13. Stopping Remote Login Sessions
sshd daemon: 46.6. Secure Shell (SSH)
mail checking, disabling: 51.5. General and Authentication Problems
.pam file: 51.5. General and Authentication Problems
printing, disabling for: 51.5. General and Authentication Problems
problems with: 51.7. Server and Client Problems
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer): 46.6. Secure Shell (SSH)
Python support for: 42.4. Python and the Web
stacks
directory: 31.7. The Shells' pushd and popd Commands
function parameter buffers, overflowing: 48.4. What We Mean by Buffer Overflow
stale files, deleting: 14.17. Deleting Stale Files
stale symbolic links: 10.6. Stale Symbolic Links
stalled data connections: 5.6.4. Stalled Data Connection?
standard error: 36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors
43.1. Using Standard Input and Output
combining with stdout and piping to pagers: 43.4. Problems Piping to a Pager
grep command output: 43.4. Problems Piping to a Pager
for interactive and noninteractive shells: 3.4.2. Interactive Shells
redirecting: 36.16. n>&m: Swap Standard Output and Standard Error
( ) subshell operators, using: 43.7.1. Combining Several Commands
Bourne and C shells: 43.1. Using Standard Input and Output
Bourne-type shells: 27.11. Is It "2>&1 file" or "> file 2>&1"? Why?
in C shell: 43.5. Redirection in C Shell: Capture Errors, Too?
to a pipe: 43.3. Send (Only) Standard Error Down a Pipe
shell debugging output, piping to pager: 37.1.1. Use -xv
sys.stderr file object (Python): 42.3.5. I/O and Formatting
writing debugging messages to: 29.11.4. Functions Calling Functions: Factorials
writing to via /dev/stderr: 43.1. Using Standard Input and Output
standard input: 1.5. Programs Are Designed to Work Together
36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors
compressing/uncompressing files from: 15.6. Compressing Files to Save Space
to a for loop: 36.11. Standard Input to a for Loop
including directly on cron command line: 25.4. Including Standard Input Within a cron Entry
reading scripts from: 36.18. Shell Scripts On-the-Fly from Standard Input
redirecting: 43.1. Using Standard Input and Output
( ) subshell operators, using: 43.7.1. Combining Several Commands
tee program, using: 43.8. Send Output Two or More Places
shell handling of: 27.4. Command Evaluation and Accidentally Overwriting Files
shells reading scripts from: 36.17. A Shell Can Read a Script from Its Standard Input, but...
36.17. A Shell Can Read a Script from Its Standard Input, but...
36.18. Shell Scripts On-the-Fly from Standard Input
sys.stdin file object (Python): 42.3.5. I/O and Formatting
standard output: 1.5. Programs Are Designed to Work Together
36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors
combining with stderr and piping to pagers: 43.4. Problems Piping to a Pager
compressing/uncompressing files from: 15.6. Compressing Files to Save Space
for interactive and noninteractive shells: 3.4.2. Interactive Shells
normal and debugging, splitting into two files: 37.1.1. Use -xv
printing terminal type output for tset command: 5.3. Setting the Terminal Type When You Log In
RCS file, sending to: 39.5. RCS Basics
redirected to a file: 36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors
redirecting: 36.16. n>&m: Swap Standard Output and Standard Error
43.1. Using Standard Input and Output
( ) subshell operators, using: 43.7.1. Combining Several Commands
Bourne-type shells: 27.11. Is It "2>&1 file" or "> file 2>&1"? Why?
in C shell: 43.5. Redirection in C Shell: Capture Errors, Too?
piping to pager program: 43.4. Problems Piping to a Pager
to /dev/null file: 43.12. What Can You Do with an Empty File?
to multiple processes: 43.10. Redirecting Output to More Than One Place
shell debugging, piping to pager: 37.1.1. Use -xv
shell handling of: 27.4. Command Evaluation and Accidentally Overwriting Files
sys.stdout file object (Python): 42.3.5. I/O and Formatting
starting anchor (^) in regular expressions: 32.5. Regular Expressions: The Anchor Characters ^ and $
startup command for vi and ex editors: 17.5. Local Settings for vi
startup files for shells, changing path in: 27.6. Controlling Shell Command Searches
statements in Python lambdas: 42.3.2. Functions
static IP addresses: 46.1.1. Internet Protocol (IP)
static prompts: 4.2. Static Prompts
statistics
current process: 24.9.3. Statistics of the Current Process
kernel and system (/proc/stat file): 24.9.2. Kernel and System Statistics
processes by PID: 24.9.4. Statistics of Processes by PID
status
command execution, in nawk: 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands
exit status of Unix processes: 35.12. Exit Status of Unix Processes
returning to calling shell: 29.11.3. Setting Current Shell Environment: The work Function
status command (lpc): 45.3. Printer Control with lpc
status file, information on current process: 24.9.4. Statistics of Processes by PID
status lines, session info in: 4.8. Session Info in Window Title or Status Line
stderr (see standard error)
stdin (see standard input)
stdout (see standard output)
stem-derivative rules for spelling words: 16.4. Inside spell
sticky bit: 50.4. Protecting Files with the Sticky Bit
stop command: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell
23.7. System Overloaded? Try Stopping Some Jobs
stop list, spelling: 16.4. Inside spell
STOP signal: 24.10. What Are Signals?
stopping out of control processes: 24.17. Processes Out of Control? Just STOP Them
stopped jobs
continuing in background: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell
current job and: 23.5. The "Current Job" Isn't Always What You Expect
listing with their job numbers: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell
putting into foreground: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell
termination vs.: 23.3. Using jobs Effectively
stopping
jobs: 23.7. System Overloaded? Try Stopping Some Jobs
remote login sessions: 23.13. Stopping Remote Login Sessions
stream editor (see sed editor)
string concatenation (.) operator: 41.5.1. Scalars
string operators: 4.6. Faster Prompt Setting with Built-ins
strings: 32.3. Understanding Expressions
building with { }: 28.4. Build Strings with { }
comparing for pattern matching: 32.3. Understanding Expressions
editing with : (colon) operators: 28.5. String Editing (Colon) Operators
grabbing parts of: 36.23. Grabbing Parts of a String
echo, using with awk or cut: 36.23.2. Using echo with awk or cut
matching with expr: 36.23.1. Matching with expr
parsing using sed editor: 36.23.4. Using sed
parsing with set and IFS: 36.23.3. Using set and IFS
matching a regular expression, finding with grep: 13.2. Searching for Text with grep
Perl: 41.5. Perl Boot Camp, Part 2: Variables and Data Types
operators for: 41.5.1. Scalars
Python: 42.3.5. I/O and Formatting
substr command, awk: 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands
testing: 35.26. test: Testing Files and Strings
case statement, using: 36.25. Testing Two Strings with One case Statement
characters with expr: 36.22. Testing Characters in a String with expr
errors in syntax: 37.4. Stop Syntax Errors in String Tests
for zero length: 35.30. Using Shell Functions in Shell Scripts
strings utility: 12.4. Show Nonprinting Characters with cat -v or od -c
13.15. Finding Words Inside Binary Files
strip command: 15.10. Save Space in Executable Files with strip
stripper script: 15.10. Save Space in Executable Files with strip
stty command: 3.16. Terminal Setup: Testing Window Size
-g option, parsing output using set and IFS: 36.23.3. Using set and IFS
control keys, setting: 5.8. Setting Your Erase, Kill, and Interrupt Characters
data rate for dialup terminals: 5.3. Setting the Terminal Type When You Log In
erase, kill, and interrupt characters: 5.8. Setting Your Erase, Kill, and Interrupt Characters
finding out terminal settings with: 5.7. Find Out Terminal Settings with stty
stty tostop command: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell
23.9. Stop Background Output with stty tostop
su command
account changes, testing: 3.6. Tip for Changing Account Setup: Keep a Shell Ready
starting a subshell: 24.4. Subshells
su f stucklogin: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In
su stucklogin: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In
substituting identify with: 49.9. Substitute Identity with su
sub command (awk): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands
subdirectories
listing with ls -R: 8.4. List All Subdirectories with ls -R
root, in FHS standard: 40.1. /usr/bin and Other Software Directories
searching for in directories with find command: 9.2. Delving Through a Deep Directory Tree
subprocesses: 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
aliases and: 29.2. Introduction to Shell Aliases
file descriptors given to: 36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors
killing parent processes by name: 24.15. Killing Processes by Name?
subroutines
dot (.) command compared to: 35.29. Reading Files with the . and source Commands
in Perl: 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy
user defined: 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy
subshells: 24.4. Subshells
( ) operators: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why
43.7. The ( ) Subshell Operators
43.9. How to tee Several Commands into One Place
CSHRC_READ environment variable, setting for: 3.9. Gotchas in set prompt Test
environment variables, inheritance of: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why
levels, showing in prompt: 4.12. Show Subshell Level with $SHLVL
setting command-line arguments: 35.25.4. Watch Your Quoting
startup files: 3.4.1. Login Shells
status line updates: 4.8. Session Info in Window Title or Status Line
umask command, running in: 36.27. Shell Lockfile
substitution commands
delimiting search pattern from replacement string: 34.8. Delimiting a Regular Expression
ex editor: 20.4. Useful ex Commands
gsub command in nawk: 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands
history substitution, using in: 30.8. History Substitutions
sed editor
-g (global) flag: 34.2. Two Things You Must Know About sed
newlines in a replacement: 34.9. Newlines in a sed Replacement
referencing portions of a search string in the replacement: 34.11. Referencing Portions of a Search String
script.tidy using in: 37.8. Cleaning script Files
specifying one match among many possibilities: 34.12. Search and Replacement: One Match Among Many
sub command, nawk: 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands
substitutions, confirming in vi editor: 17.9. Confirming Substitutions in vi
substr command (awk): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands
success or failure of commands, indication in exit status: 35.12. Exit Status of Unix Processes
sudo application: 49.11. Providing Superpowers with sudo
SUID scripts: 49.8. Care and Feeding of SUID and SGID Scripts
SunOS
groups: 50.2.2. Which Group is Which?
redirecting standard I/O: 43.1. Using Standard Input and Output
superuser
configuring, paths set by parent process and: 27.6. Controlling Shell Command Searches
file ownership, changing: 50.3. Who Will Own a New File?
killing others' processes: 24.12. Destroying Processes with kill
private directories, access to: 7.5. Private (Personal) Directories
shell prompt for: 4.10. Highlighting and Color in Shell Prompts
sudo application: 49.11. Providing Superpowers with sudo
tcsh and zsh shell prompts: 4.3. Dynamic Prompts
UID and GID of zero: 49.2. When Does a User Become a User
susp key: 5.8. Setting Your Erase, Kill, and Interrupt Characters
suspend command: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell
24.4. Subshells
suspending
background jobs with stop command: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell
current foreground job with CTRL-z command: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell
23.2.2. Using Job Control from Your Shell
swap space, checking for security breaches: 48.6.2. Checking Swap Space
swapinfo utility: 48.6.2. Checking Swap Space
swat tool: 47.4. SWAT and GUI SMB Browsers
configuring smb.conf file installation: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba
printers, selecting for sharing: 47.5. Printing with Samba
symbolic links: 10.4. More About Links
copying: 10.12. Copying Directory Trees with cp -r
directories, linking: 10.7. Linking Directories
disk space and: 15.4. Save Space with a Link
filenames for, showing: 10.8. Showing the Actual Filenames for Symbolic Links
files as: 8.10. Useful ls Aliases
finding for every directory owned by a group: 9.9. Running Commands on What You Find
finding unconnected: 8.16. oldlinks: Find Unconnected Symbolic Links
finding with find -type command: 9.13. Searching for Files by Type
hard links vs.: 10.4.1. Differences Between Hard and Symbolic Links
saving disk space wiwth: 15.4. Save Space with a Link
spooling, using for: 45.5. Using Symbolic Links for Spooling
stale: 10.5. Creating and Removing Links
10.6. Stale Symbolic Links
syntax of: 10.4.1. Differences Between Hard and Symbolic Links
to /dev/null
replacing log files with: 15.3. Save Space with "Bit Bucket" Log Files and Mailboxes
to .enter and .exit files: 31.13. Automatic Setup When You Enter/Exit a Directory
symbolic mode (chmod): 50.5. Using chmod to Change File Permission
symbols: 35.20.1. With the "$@" Parameter
(see also special characters; Symbols section)
in filenames and pathnames: 35.20.1. With the "$@" Parameter
for keys on the keyboard (keysyms): 6.1. Defining Keys and Button Presses with xmodmap
symlinks (see symbolic links)
sync program: 1.10. The Kernel and Daemons
synchronizing
filesystems (rsync program): 20.6. Change Many Files by Editing Just One
time on networks: 37.6. How Unix Keeps Time
"Syntax error" error message: 37.3. Stop Syntax Errors in Numeric Tests
syntax-checking program: 16.8. Looking for Closure
sys.stderr file object (Python): 42.3.5. I/O and Formatting
sys.stdin file object (Python): 42.3.5. I/O and Formatting
sys.stdout file object (Python): 42.3.5. I/O and Formatting
system
cron jobs, running on: 25.2. Periodic Program Execution: The cron Facility
environment variables for shells: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why
C shells: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why
load, checking with uptime: 26.4. Checking System Load: uptime
overloaded with background processes: 23.4. Some Gotchas with Job Control
23.7. System Overloaded? Try Stopping Some Jobs
password file contents: 1.7. Which Shell Am I Running?
performance and profiling: 26.1. Timing Is Everything
security vulnerabilities: 48.1. Understanding Points of Vulnerability
statistics on (/proc/stat file): 24.9.2. Kernel and System Statistics
time: 26.2. Timing Programs
system calls: 1.4. Communication with Unix
exec and fork: 24.2. fork and exec
fork and exec: 27.2. How the Shell Executes Other Commands
limit and ulimit (limiting file sizes): 15.5.1. limit and ulimit
unlink( ), in Perl: 14.14. Using unlink to Remove a File with a Strange Name
system command (nawk): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands
system function: 41.8. Perl Boot Camp, Part 5: Perl Knows Unix
system-level key mappings: 6.1. Defining Keys and Button Presses with xmodmap
System V
command version, getting: 2.1. The man Command
echo command, shell quoting and: 27.18. How Many Backslashes?
groups: 49.6. Groups and Group Ownership
groups (Release 4): 50.2.2. Which Group is Which?
ls command, nonprinting characters and: 8.12. Showing Nonprintable Characters in Filenames
<defunct> status: 24.12. Destroying Processes with kill
nice command: 26.5.3. System V C Shell nice
printing commands: 45.2.2. lp-Style Printing Commands
priority system (Release 4): 26.5. Know When to Be "nice" to Other Users...and When Not To
ps command
-a option: 24.7.1. System V
-e option: 24.7.2. BSD
-ef options: 24.5. The ps Command
signals: 24.10. What Are Signals?
systems derived from, rsh on: 6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh
tr command
-cs options: 16.9. Just the Words, Please
character ranges in: 21.11. Hacking on Characters with tr
piping ww function output to: 16.7. Find a a Doubled Word
system variables (awk): 20.10.3. awk System Variables
system word file: 16.3. How Do I Spell That Word?


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