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Index: E
- EBCDIC conversion : 35.12. Converting Between ASCII and EBCDIC
- echo command : 6.8. Shell Variables
- in bash cells : 46.10. A Portable echo Command
- in Bourne shell scripts : 44.12. Trapping Exits Caused by Interrupts
- in C shell : 47.2.1.1. Writing Files
- combining two : 45.30.2. Using echo with awk, colrm, or cut
- command-line arguments : 8.6. Output Command-Line Arguments
- control characters used with
- 45.35.1. With echo
- 45.35.2. With tr and echo
- creating error messages : 8.6.2. Making Error Messages
- debugging using : 46.2. Quoting Trouble? Think, Then Use echo
- -e option : 46.10. A Portable echo Command
- -E option : 46.10. A Portable echo Command
- escape sequences interpreted by : 46.10. A Portable echo Command
- examples
- 44.5. Test String Values with Bourne Shell case
- 44.12. Trapping Exits Caused by Interrupts
- 44.18. Standard Command-Line Parsing
- 45.27. Turn Off echo for "Secret" Answers
- 47.2.1.1. Writing Files
- 47.2.4. Quoting
- external versions of : 8.11. Which One Will bash Use?
- interpreting octal numbers : 45.35.1. With echo
- -n option : 46.10. A Portable echo Command
- sending escape sequences : 41.9. Commands to Adjust Your Terminal
- shell scripts using : 45.27. Turn Off echo for "Secret" Answers
- showing values of variables : 6.1. What Environment Variables Are Good For
- turning off : 45.27. Turn Off echo for "Secret" Answers
- version differences : 46.10. A Portable echo Command
- writing special escape sequences : 7.6. Session Information in Your Terminal's Status Line
- echo flag, turning off : 41.2.2. Handling Most Characters
- echo shell variable
- 6.9. Special C Shell Variables
- 8.17. verbose and echo Variables Show Quoting
- echoing
- smart : 41.5. Why Some Systems Backspace over Prompts
- ed editor
- diff command and : 28.9. ex Scripts Built by diff
- file size limits : 33.8. Batch Editing Gotcha: Editors Bomb on Big Files
- no matches : 33.7. ed/ex Batch Edits: Avoid Errors When No Match
- ediff script
- 28.8. More Friendly diff Output
- 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- edit command (SCCS) : 20.13. SCCS Basics
- editing
- compressed files : 24.11. Edit Compressed Files with zvi, zex, and zed
- paired item checking : 29.9. Looking for Closure
- with power tools : 1.6. Power Tools for Editing
- spell checking : (see spell checking)
- with file comparisons : 28.9. ex Scripts Built by diff
- EDITOR environment variable : 6.3. Predefined Environment Variables
- editors
- ed : (see ed editor)
- EDITOR variable : 6.3. Predefined Environment Variables
- Emacs : (see Emacs editor)
- ex : (see ex editor)
- patch program : (see patch)
- qsubst program : 33.10. Quick Globals from the Command Line with qsubst
- scripting line editors : 33.1. Why Line Editors Aren't Dinosaurs
- sed : (see sed editor)
- vi : (see vi editor)
- egrep : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- egrep expressions
- calendar command : 48.4. Automatic Reminders and More: calendar
- case statements building : 48.2. Online Phone and Address Lists
- examples : 48.2. Online Phone and Address Lists
- for loop building : 48.2. Online Phone and Address Lists
- options : 48.2. Online Phone and Address Lists
- egrep script
- 17.21. lookfor: Which File Has that Word?
- 26.4.11. Extended Regular Expressions
- 27.5. Extended Searching for Text with egrep
- 27.9. New greps Are Much Faster
- 27.16. Faking Case-Insensitive Searches
- | (vertical bar) : 27.5. Extended Searching for Text with egrep
- catman compared to : 50.3. apropos on Systems Without apropos
- examples : 50.3. apropos on Systems Without apropos
- -f option : 27.7. grepping for a List of Patterns
- -i option : 50.6. Searching Online Manual Pages
- picking the processes to kill : 38.13. Interactively Kill Processes Matching a Pattern
- plus sign (+) : 27.5. Extended Searching for Text with egrep
- question mark (?) : 27.5. Extended Searching for Text with egrep
- searching manual pages : 50.6. Searching Online Manual Pages
- eight-bit filenames : 23.15. Using unlink to Remove a File with a Strange Name
- elapsed time
- 39.2. Timing Programs
- 39.5. Why Is the System So Slow?
- elookfor : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- elookfor script : 17.21. lookfor: Which File Has that Word?
- else statement
- 44.8. Test Exit Status with the if Statement
- (see also if loops)
- examples : 44.8. Test Exit Status with the if Statement
- em-dashes : 43.21. Preprocessing troff Input with sed
- Emacs : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- emacs
- emacs mode command-line editing : 11.13. Shell Command-Line Editing
- Emacs editor
- abbreviations : 32.11. Using Word Abbreviation Mode
- advantages over other editors : 32.1. Emacs: The Other Editor
- auto-save file : 32.4. Backup and Auto-Save Files
- backup file : 32.4. Backup and Auto-Save Files
- C shell's PWD and : 32.9. Unset PWD Before Using Emacs
- command completion : 32.6. Command Completion
- global initialization file : 32.3. Customizations and How to Avoid Them
- insert mode versus overwrite : 32.5. Putting Emacs in Overwrite Mode
- key mapping : 32.7. Mike's Favorite Time Savers
- mouse-based editors versus : 32.2. Emacs Features: A Laundry List
- quoting control characters : 32.10. Inserting Binary Characters into Files
- search customizations : 32.8. Rational Searches
- x-on/x-off flow control : 32.12. Getting Around Emacs Flow Control Problems
- emacs editor
- directory for : 4.4. Directories for Emacs Hacks
- temporary files generated by : 14.11. Finding (Anyone's) Home Directory, Quickly
- .emacs file
- 32.3. Customizations and How to Avoid Them
- 32.11.2. Making Word Abbreviations Part of Your Startup
- .emacs_ml file : 32.7. Mike's Favorite Time Savers
- .emacs_ml file : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- email
- multiple mailboxes : 21.8.1.1. Multiple Mailboxes
- notification of : 21.8. The MAILCHECK and mail Variables Check More than Mail
- emoticons : 51.12. You Don't Have Enough Smileys?
- empty files
- 13.14. What Can You Do with an Empty File?
- 21.7. Setting File Modification Time with touch
- emptying files : 24.1. Instead of Removing a File, Empty It
- enable command : 8.11. Which One Will bash Use?
- encoding arguments in termcap or terminfo entries : 41.11.2. Encoding Arguments
- encryption : 22.17. Ways of Improving the Security of crypt
- End of file unexpected : 46.1.2. Unmatched Operators
- error message : 46.1. Tips for Debugging Shell Scripts
- end-of-file (EOF) character : 13.14. What Can You Do with an Empty File?
- end-of-input character
- effect on subshells : 38.4. Subshells
- end-of-line processing : 5.11. Initializing the Terminal with tset
- enscript program : 43.22. Converting Text Files to PostScript
- .enter file : 14.14. Automatic Setup When You Enter/Exit a Directory
- .enter.csh script : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- .enter.sh script : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- entomb system : 23.9. delete: Protecting Files from Accidental Deletion
- env command
- 6.1. What Environment Variables Are Good For
- 6.8. Shell Variables
- 14.10. Variables Help You Find Directories and Files
- 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- ENV environment variable
- 2.11. Faster ksh and bash Startup with $- Test
- 6.3. Predefined Environment Variables
- environment : 38.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
- modifying : 44.23. Reading Files with the . and source Commands
- temporary changes in : 13.7.2. Temporary Change of Directory and Environment
- writing into temporary files : 40.4. Choosing the Shell Run (We Hope) by at
- environment variables
- 2.12. Automatic Setups for Different Terminals
- 14.10. Variables Help You Find Directories and Files
- 45.24. A Shell Can Read a Script from its Standard Input, But...
- (see also under specific variable names)
- advantages : 6.1. What Environment Variables Are Good For
- in Bourne shell : 47.2.5. Variable Syntax
- in C shell : 47.2.5. Variable Syntax
- changed inside redirected loops : 45.23. The Ins and Outs of Redirected I/O Loops
- setting : 2.2.2. C Shell
- epsffit program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
- equations
- 43.12.1. troff
- 43.12.2. TeX
- erase character
- 5.9. Setting Your Erase, Kill, and Interrupt Characters
- 41.2.2. Handling Most Characters
- BACKSPACE : 51.6. Cleaning script Files
- DELETE : 51.6. Cleaning script Files
- error messages
- capturing for screen : 42.8. Errors Erased Too Soon? Try These Workarounds
- creating : 8.6.2. Making Error Messages
- installation process : 52.8.2.6. An Easy Build
- program names included in : 44.22. Finding a Program Name; Multiple Program Names
- scrolling off screen : 13.4. Problems Piping to a Pager
- errors
- 44.9. Testing Your Success
- (see also debugging; standard error)
- Arguments too long : 9.20. Too Many Files for the Command Line
- "Arguments too long" : 9.23. Workaround for "Arguments too long" Error
- handled in C shell : 47.2.7. Error Handling
- in redirected loops : 45.23. The Ins and Outs of Redirected I/O Loops
- "No match" : 15.4. What if a Wildcard Doesn't Match?
- stderr : (see standard error)
- storing with logerrs script : 13.16. Store and Show Errors with logerrs
- errors, syntax
- in numeric tests : 46.4. Stop Syntax Errors in Numeric Tests
- in string tests : 46.5. Stop Syntax Errors in String Tests
- ESC key
- file completion and : 9.9. Don't Match Useless Files in Filename Completion
- ESC Z string : 5.5. Querying Your Terminal Type: qterm
- escape sequences
- 5.8. Terminal Escape Sequences
- 41.9. Commands to Adjust Your Terminal
- backslash character and : 8.6.1. Portability
- copied into files : 51.5. Copy What You Do with script
- echo command interpreting : 46.10. A Portable echo Command
- prompt settings and : 7.8. Highlighting in Shell Prompts
- removing : 43.19. Removing Leading Tabs and Other Trivia
- writing with echo command : 7.6. Session Information in Your Terminal's Status Line
- /etc/motd script : 2.14. motd.diff: Show New Lines in Login Messages
- /etc/passwd file
- corrupted : 50.12. Common UNIX Error Messages
- /etc/passwd file : 1.23. File Access Permissions
- /etc/shells file : 2.16. Approved Shells: Using Unapproved Login Shell
- /etc/ttys file : 2.12. Automatic Setups for Different Terminals
- /etc/ttytab file : 2.12. Automatic Setups for Different Terminals
- eval command : 5.3. Setting the Terminal Type When You Log In
- advantages : 8.10. eval: When You Need Another Chance
- awk compared to : 44.14. Putting awk, sed, etc., Inside Shell Scripts
- examples
- 45.14. Finding the Last Command-Line Argument
- 45.30.4. Using sed
- if-then-else in aliases : 10.7. How to Put if-then-else in a C Shell Alias
- scanning contents of variables : 45.17. Making a for Loop with Multiple Variables
- sed combined with : 45.30.4. Using sed
- shell variables and : 10.10. Simulated Bourne Shell Functions and Aliases
- simulating arrays : 45.34. Arrays in the Bourne Shell
- ex editor
- abbreviations
- 30.31. vi Word Abbreviation
- 31.9. Good Stuff for Your .exrc File
- appending to file : 30.13. Appending to an Existing File
- capitalizing words : 30.17. Capitalizing Every Word on a Line
- command descriptions : 33.4. Useful ex Commands
- confirming substitutions : 30.10. Confirming Substitutions in ex and vi
- counting occurrences : 30.16. Counting Occurrences; Stopping Search Wraps
- deleting by patterns : 30.14. Moving Blocks of Text by Patterns
- diff command and : 28.9. ex Scripts Built by diff
- file recovery : 30.24. vi/ex File Recovery vs. Networked Filesystems
- filtering text : 30.22. Filtering Text Through a UNIX Command
- global command : 30.9.1. Global Searches
- line addressing : 33.3. Line Addressing
- modelines : 30.19. Modelines: Bug or Feature?
- moving by patterns : 30.14. Moving Blocks of Text by Patterns
- multiple setup files
- 30.20. Multiple Editor Setup Files; Starting with a Search
- 30.21. Per File Setups in Separate Files
- no matches : 33.7. ed/ex Batch Edits: Avoid Errors When No Match
- open mode : 30.36. The ex Open Mode Can Be Handy
- patterns
- 30.9. Using Search Patterns and Global Commands
- 30.14. Moving Blocks of Text by Patterns
- quoting control characters : 31.6. Protecting Keys from Interpretation by ex
- quoting | (vertical bar) : 31.6. Protecting Keys from Interpretation by ex
- reverting to saved : 30.4. Editing Multiple Files with vi
- save as new file : 30.4. Editing Multiple Files with vi
- saving as new file : 30.11. Keep Your Original File, Write to a New File
- saving part of file : 30.12. Saving Part of a File
- scripting : 33.3. Line Addressing
- settings
- 30.6. Local Settings for vi and ex
- 30.18. Setting vi Options Automatically for Individual Files
- startup commands : 30.6. Local Settings for vi and ex
- stopping search wraps : 30.16. Counting Occurrences; Stopping Search Wraps
- switching between files : 30.4. Editing Multiple Files with vi
- transfer text between files : 30.5. Edits Between Files
- undoing changes : 30.10. Confirming Substitutions in ex and vi
- yank buffers : 30.5. Edits Between Files
- examples : 51.11. Making an Arbitrary-Size File for Testing
- exclamation point : (see !)
- exclamation point (!)
- test command using : 44.20. test: Testing Files and Strings
- exec command : 1.11. How the Shell Executes Other Commands
- associating file descriptors with files : 45.22. Handling Files Line-by-Line
- examples : 45.10. Removing a File Once It's Opened - for Security and Easy Cleanup
- manage file descriptors : 45.7. The exec Command
- replacing C shell with Bourne shell
- 45.6. Making Sure Your Script Runs with Bourne Shell, Without #!
- 45.7. The exec Command
- typing at a shell prompt : 38.2. fork and exec
- exec commands : 38.2. fork and exec
- executable files
- 52.8.2. Compiling Source Code
- 52.8.2.7. Functions, Libraries, and Header Files
- displaying : 45.5. A File That Shows Itself... and What #! Does
- errors caused by : 50.12. Common UNIX Error Messages
- executing without showing #! : 45.5. A File That Shows Itself... and What #! Does
- making executable by using # : 45.4. Fun with #!
- permissions on : 44.2. Writing a Simple Shell Program
- strip command and : 24.13. Save Space in Executable Files with strip
- testing : 44.4. Testing How Your System Executes Files
- execute permission
- 22.2. Tutorial on File and Directory Permissions
- 22.19. Shell Scripts Must be Readable and (Usually) Executable
- without read permission : 22.12. A Directory that People Can Access but Can't List
- execution statistics, report summarizing : 38.5. The ps Command
- EXINIT environment variable
- 6.3. Predefined Environment Variables
- 6.10. Running a Command with a Temporarily Different Environment
- 10.2.2. Using More Complex Aliases
- 30.6. Local Settings for vi and ex
- 30.35. Out of Temporary Space? Use Another Directory
- exit command : 44.11. Set Exit Status of a Shell (Script)
- .cshrc file : 2.9. Speeding Up Your C Shell with set prompt Test
- effect on subshells : 38.4. Subshells
- examples : 44.5. Test String Values with Bourne Shell case
- redirected loops using : 45.23. The Ins and Outs of Redirected I/O Loops
- to end scripts : 51.5. Copy What You Do with script
- exit command (awk) : 33.11.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands
- exit command (lpc) : 43.3. Printer Control with lpc
- .exit file : 14.14. Automatic Setup When You Enter/Exit a Directory
- exit status
- 44.8. Test Exit Status with the if Statement
- (see also status variable)
- of loops : 45.19. A while Loop with Several Loop Control Commands
- non-zero : 46.9. If Command Doesn't Return a Status, Test the Error Messages
- of background jobs : 44.7. Exit Status of UNIX Processes
- of commands in Bourne shell scripts : 44.7. Exit Status of UNIX Processes
- of pipelines : 44.7. Exit Status of UNIX Processes
- of redirected loops : 45.23. The Ins and Outs of Redirected I/O Loops
- returned by processes : 38.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
- testing
- 44.8. Test Exit Status with the if Statement
- 44.10. Loops That Test Exit Status
- 46.9. If Command Doesn't Return a Status, Test the Error Messages
- values for expr
- 45.28. Quick Reference: expr
- 45.29. Testing Characters in a String with expr
- zero
- 44.10. Loops That Test Exit Status
- 45.9. The Unappreciated Bourne Shell ":" Operator
- 46.9. If Command Doesn't Return a Status, Test the Error Messages
- .exit.csh script : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- .exit.sh script : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- exp command (awk) : 33.11.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands
- expand command
- 41.4.1. TAB Is Just Another Character to UNIX
- 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- Expect : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- Expect program : 9.26. Expect
- testing interactive programs : 9.26.3. Testing: A Story
- expr command
- 45.28. Quick Reference: expr
- 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- advantages
- 45.30.1. Matching with expr
- 49.1. bc: Simple Math at the Shell Prompt
- alternatives to : 45.11. The Multipurpose jot Command
- arguments
- $* : 45.30.1. Matching with expr
- $@ : 45.30.1. Matching with expr
- as calculator
- 49.1. bc: Simple Math at the Shell Prompt
- 49.6. Quick Arithmetic with expr
- disadvantages : 45.30.1. Matching with expr
- examples : 45.28. Quick Reference: expr
- exit status values
- 45.28. Quick Reference: expr
- 45.29. Testing Characters in a String with expr
- jot compared to : 45.11. The Multipurpose jot Command
- listing command-line arguments : 45.30.1. Matching with expr
- loops using : 45.11. The Multipurpose jot Command
- matching character strings : 45.30.1. Matching with expr
- operators : 45.28. Quick Reference: expr
- syntax
- 45.28. Quick Reference: expr
- 45.28.1. Examples
- testing character strings : 45.29. Testing Characters in a String with expr
- variables : 45.28.1. Examples
- expressions
- in C shell
- 47.4.2. Expressions
- 47.4.4. Examples
- conditional : 44.8. Test Exit Status with the if Statement
- expressions, conditional
- 44.8. Test Exit Status with the if Statement
- (see also if loops; for loops; foreach loops; while loops; unless loops)
- expunge program : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- exrc file (on disc) : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- .exrc file
- 4.9. Setting Up vi with the .exrc File
- 30.6. Local Settings for vi and ex
- 30.18. Setting vi Options Automatically for Individual Files
- 31.9. Good Stuff for Your .exrc File
- EXSTAT environment variable : 30.20. Multiple Editor Setup Files; Starting with a Search
- exta, extb rates : 41.2.1. How We Made It This Far (Back?)
- extended regular expressions : 26.4.11. Extended Regular Expressions
- extensions, filename
- 1.17. Filename Extensions
- 4.6. Naming Files
- "external control" rates : 41.2.1. How We Made It This Far (Back?)
- external commands
- 1.10. Internal and External Commands
- 7.4. Faster Prompt Setting with Built-Ins
- executing : 1.11. How the Shell Executes Other Commands
- setting variables with : 7.12. External Commands Send Signals to Set Variables
- extractres program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
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