Many line editor commands are not particularly useful in scripts. The two commands that you will use far and away the most often are s (substitute), to replace one pattern with another, and d (delete) to delete one or more lines. On occasion, though, you'll want to insert text from a script. ( Editing scripts built by diff ( 28.9 ) make heavy use of insert, append, delete, and change commands.) And of course, you need commands to write and quit the editor.
Here's the syntax of most of the commands you may encounter in
ex
editing scripts. (The
ed
editor understands the abbreviated versions of some, but not all of, these commands.) Elements in [brackets] are optional; don't type the
[
or
]
. (The leading colon is the
ex
command character used to issue an
ex
command from
vi
; in a script, the colon would be omitted.)
[address]
a
[
!
]
text
\.
Append
text
at specified
address
, or at present address if none is specified. Add a
!
to switch the
autoindent
setting that will be used during input. For example, if
autoindent
was enabled,
!
disables it.
[address]
c
[
!
]
text
\.
Replace the specified lines with
text
. Add a
!
to switch
the
autoindent
setting during input of
text
.
[address] co destination [address] t destination Copy the lines included in address to the specified destination address.
:1,10 co 50 :1,10t50
[address] d [buffer] Delete the lines included in address . If buffer is specified, save or append the text to the named buffer.
:/Part I/,/Part II/-1d Delete to line above "Part II" :/main/+d Delete line below "main" :.,$/d Delete from this line to last line
[address]
g
[
!
]
/
pattern
/
[
commands
] Execute
commands
on all lines that contain
pattern
or, if
address
is specified, on all lines within that range. If
commands
are not specified, print all such lines. (Exception: doesn't print when you use it from
vi
by typing
:
first. You'll need to add a
p
, as in the second example below). If
!
is used, execute
commands
on all lines that
don't
contain
pattern
.
:g/Unix/ :g/Unix/p :g/Name:/s/tom/Tom/
[address]
i
[
!
]
text
\.
Insert
text
at line before the specified
address
, or at present
address if none is specified. Add a
!
to switch the
autoindent
setting during input of
text
.
[address] m destination Move the lines specified by address to the destination address.
:.,/Note/m /END/ Move block after line containing "END"
[address] p [count] Print the lines specified by address . count specifies the number of lines to print, starting with address .
:100;+5p Show line 100 and the next five lines
q [ ! ] Terminate current editing session. Use ! to discard changes made since the last save. If the editing session includes additional files in the argument list that were never accessed, quit by typing q! or by typing q twice.
[address] r file Copy in the text from file on the line below the specified address . If file is not specified, the current filename is used.
:0r $HOME/data Read file in at top of current file
[address] r ! command Read the output of UNIX command into the text after the line specified by address .
cal |
:$r !cal Place a calendar at end of file |
---|
so file Read and execute ex commands from file .
:so $HOME/.exrc
[address] s [ / pattern / replacement / ] [ options ] [ count ] Replace first instance of pattern on each of the specified lines with replacement . If pattern and replacement are omitted, repeat last substitution. count specifies the number of lines on which to substitute, starting with address . Options
Prompt for confirmation before each change.
Substitute all instances of pattern on each line.
Print the last line on which a substitution was made.
c \U |
:1,10s/yes/no/g Substitute on first 10 lines :%s/[Hh]ello/Hi/gc Confirm global substitutions :s/Fortran/\U&/ 3 Uppercase "Fortran" on next 3 lines |
---|
[address] w [ ! ] [[ >> ] file ] Write lines specified by address to file , or write full contents of buffer if address is not specified. If file is also omitted, save the contents of the buffer to the current filename. If >> file is used, write contents to the end of an existing file . The ! flag forces the editor to write over any current contents of file .
:1,10w name_list Copy first 10 lines to name_list :50w >> name_list Now append line 50
[address] w ! command Write lines specified by address , or write full contents of buffer if address is not specified, to the standard input ( 13.1 ) of command .
:1,10w !spell Send first 10 lines to the spell command :w !lpr Print entire buffer with lpr command
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